Gender in media

the 6 representations and how they connect to gender

• age- this is linked between the way that older women may be seen as frail and needed to be cared for whereas lots of older men can be seen as grumpy or depressed. this is not a huge stereotype but it can be seen through lots of films and TV programmes. younger boys are seen as youths, linked with antisocial behavior or being naughty as toddlers whereas girls are generally seen as better behaved and more organised and mature as children.
• ethnicity- Asian women are often seen to be cooking a lot and cleaning the house, sometimes overpowered by males stereotypical through Indian backgrounds. black men are usually seen as strong and sometimes dangerous or linked to crime.
• sexuality- there aren't really many stereotypes linked to heterosexual men and women although they are generally openly attracted to their opposite sex. homosexuals or transvestites are usually seen as overly camp (men) or overly butch (women) however again this is a stereotype in many films and tv programmes which is not necessarily how it is in real life.
• class and status- lower class men are usually seen as hard working people trying to provide for their families but struggling to keep up with work and home life often working into the night with very little to show for it. lower class women can be seen as lazy in media and have many children so constantly cooking and cleaning and worrying about money and other necessities. upper class men are usually shown as dominating characters, sometimes controlling their wives to the point where it can become abusive whereas the women are mostly seen as being their for the benefit of the men, looking elegant but not working or doing any manual labor.
• physical ability and disability- men are usually seen as being more able bodied: going to the gym and having big muscles and carrying out manual work like building. whereas women can often be stereotyped as being ditsy and incapable of doing heavy amounts of physical work. 
• regional identity- lots of shows like 'the only way is Essex' prove massively how men and women are viewed from different regions for example women are seen as quite dumb and only really caring about fake nails and fake tan, however lots of the female characters own successful businesses and are fairly independent and the men are also made out to be more feminine, caring a lot about their looks and physical appearance rather than work ethics.

UK tribes- My tribes

For Mainstream Tribes it’s about life’s simple pleasure - fun, friends and keeping it local…

The Mainstream forms the backbone of tribal society – where most young people start out and some never leave. The key is in sticking with what you know – chart music, prime time TV, local nights out and a bit of booze.

Looking to commercial entertainment channels for influence, Mainstream Tribes prefer to stick with what’s safe rather than rock the boat. There’s little desire to hunt down underground fashion and music – they are more than happy with readily available ‘high street’ influences. Think Capital FM and Radio One, Miss Selfridge and Burton, Heat magazine.

- I would personally see myself as mainstream purely because of my music and fashion influences. I tend to stick to a simple style in everything I do and enjoy having a wide variety of people who are also like myself. 

some people see mainstream as a bad thing but i just think it depends on personality, I think everyone has some part of their life that is widely mainstream, from the way they talk-to the way they dress or behave: at the end of the day nobody is the same everyone is unique so I don't think anybody should be worried as looking mainstream

Meet the multi-talented, super productive Tribe that are leaving their mark on creative fields

Creatives are motivated by the desire to produce original content and pursue their dreams as a ‘career creative’ – it’s not just a hobby, it’s a way of life. This Tribe unites various disciplines including (but not limited to) fashion, art, design, music, photography, dance and drama – with members collaborating on projects to get their work out in the world.

Creatives sit in the middle of the planning segments, drawing members of both sexes from diverse backgrounds unified by their inventiveness. It takes time to be a true Creative and develop the confidence, skills and connections to actively participate in the scene – so members tend to be over 20. United by their open-minded outlook, Creatives will often seek inspiration in the most unexpected of places, from a weekly shop at Sainsbury’s to Les Sapeurs, an African style tribe.

The Tribe mentality is all about developing their skills and working hard – even when this means living on a budget. Similar to the Get Paid Crew, Creatives are driven by success and are one of the best connected and hardest working Tribes – many funding their studio rents with part-time work. They aren’t bothered by fleeting trends and have no time for throwaway culture –  attracted to provenance and brand histories that reflect their own values.

- I would also see myself as being a creative person: I enjoy being creative and making different things. I am heavily into art and textiles and love filling sketchbooks with all of the things I enjoy doing. textures, patterns and styles are very interesting to me and have a huge influence on my lifestyle and what I want to achieve in the future. I think I mainly a creative person because of the influence of my mum who is also a huge lover of design and originality,

Judge Dredd research task

Producer: Alex Garland

Distributer: Lions Gate Entertainment

Script Writer: Alex Garland

Budget: $45 Million

Box Office Gross: $13,414,714 

Directors and Actors: Pete Travis (Director). Karl Urban (Judge Dredd, also starred in Star Trek and The Lord of the Rings), Olivia Thirlby (Cassandra Anderson, also starred in Juno and No Strings Attached), Lena Headey (Madeline 'MaMa' Madrigal, also starred in Game of Thrones, 300 and St. Trinians) 

Marketing:In August 2012, the viral advertising site "Dredd Report" was launched, satirising the Drudge Report. The site featured a video condemning the use of Slo-Mo, and links to news about the film.An exclusive film poster featuring artwork by Jock was released by Mondo to promote the film's appearance at the 2012 Fantastic Fest in September 2012.Dredd's marketing campaign won a Golden Trailer Award for Best Thriller TV Spot for the trailer "Big Addicted", and received nominations for: Best Action TV Spot, Most Original TV Spot, Best Graphics in a TV Spot, Best Music TV Spot, and Best Action Poster and Most Original Poster for the Dredd motion poster.

Critical Reception:The film received positive reviews from critics. It garnered a 78% approval rating from 146 critics, with an average rating of 6.5 out of 10, on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, and Metacritic provides a score of 59 out of 100 which indicates "mixed or average" reviews—18 of the sampled critics gave the film a positive review, 7 mixed, and the remaining 4 negative. CinemaScore polls reported that the average grade moviegoers gave the film was a "B" on a scale of A+ to F.

Reasons for lack of success:'Hopefully that’ll be enough to keep them from the cinema because Dredd is a god awful film. It’s a boring experience that drags, despite the swift 95 minute running time. It doesn’t seem to know who its audience is. On the one hand, it doesn’t appear extremely faithful to its source material – the plot is entirely new and the basic set up aside a lot of the more interesting sounding elements of the Dredd universe aren’t present– but on the other there’s little present to appeal to the regular public.'

Awards:Dredd's marketing campaign won a Golden Trailer Award for Best Thriller TV Spot for the trailer "Big Addicted", and received nominations for: Best Action TV Spot, Most Original TV Spot, Best Graphics in a TV Spot, Best Music TV Spot, and Best Action Poster and Most Original Poster for the Dredd motion poster.

Technology used:Dredd was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Digital Download on 8 January 2013 in North America, and 14 January in the UK. The Blu-ray edition contains the 2D and 3D versions of the film and a digital copy. The DVD and Blu-ray editions contain seven featurettes: "Mega-City Masters: 35 Years of Judge Dredd", "Day of Chaos: The Visual Effects of Dredd3D", "Dredd", "Dredd's Gear", "The 3rd Dimension", "Welcome to Peachtrees", and a "Dredd Motion Comic Prequel" narrated by Urban.During its first week on sale in the UK, Dredd was the number 1 selling DVD and Blu-ray.

Tie-ins:

Personal opinion:personally I didnt like the film, I beleive the actors where slightly overacting and made it even more unrealistic. the visual elements to the film were good quality especially for the low budget that the film ran off of but i think the storyline, amount of false violence and overacting ruined it

Paul Lazarsfeld- limited effects theory

Paul Lazarsfeld limited effects theory from Sarah Ghost

The Gaze- Male and female

The gaze from Sarah Ghost

gender representation powerpoint

Gender Representation

Common Stereotypes moving glossary

REPRESENTATIONS – COMMON STEREOTYPES

5 minute clip representation

this is an establishing shot as it sets the scene and allows the audience to see who is involved in the scene and whereabouts they are, they can be judged by the audience already through the 7 types of representation because of what they are wearing, body language etc.

this is an over the shoulder shot and it lets action take place in the background however the audience can see it from the perspective of the characters and see their reaction to the situation

this shot is filmed from a floor angle, it allows you to see direct action front on. however in this particular shot you can see people in the background and it also accentuates the action as it makes it look bigger and more dramatic

this is a close up and allows you to see the emotions of the character, in this case anger. it makes the emotions and situation again more dramatic

zoom is used to again show a great sense of emotions, the zoom is slow and makes the character look in awe of something/someone. it makes the depth of feelings more intense as the audience have the feeling they are being pulled towards the storyline

skins group representation

MEDIA Camera Shots Presentation by Millie Drew

100 words on representation in the media task

Representation refers to aspects of ‘reality’ such as people, places, objects, events, cultural identities and other concepts and can also be found through the use of speech and writing

It’s not just about the conception of who/what a person is, but  the way in which others judge them because of these demographic factors

 Representation in the media is used to enhance a products overall look to their audience however this does not represent real life.

Every media form  is a representation of someone's concept of existence, codified into a series of signs and symbols which can be read by an audience

moving image glossary

Moving Image Glossary from MissCTurner

section B

Section B: Institutions and Audiences

Candidates should be prepared to understand and discuss the processes of production, distribution, marketing and exchange as they relate to contemporary media institutions, as well as the nature of audience consumption and the relationships between audiences and institutions. In addition, candidates should be familiar with:

• the issues raised by media ownership in contemporary media practice;
• the importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing;
• the technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange;
• the significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences;
• the importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences;
• the issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions;
• the ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour.

• the issues raised by media ownership in contemporary (current) media practice

The depth and range of ownership across a range of media and the consequences of this ownership for audiences in terms of the genres and budgets for films. How for instance, can Channel4's Film4 survive in the British market place against the high concept, big-budget films made by Newcorp's FOX, Warner Bros, Disney, Universal, etc.? What kinds of niche audiences are left for Film4 to attract? Are mass audiences out of reach given the genres of films Film4 have the budgets to make? How successful have they been in reaching mass audiences with their films? How healthy is it that just a few mega media groups can own such a range of media and can decide what the public may see, and, perhaps, shape audience's tastes?

• the importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing

 Digital technology is enabling various media to converge in hubs, platforms and devices. For instance, mobiles phones do a lot more than act as hand held telephones: you can download and watch films and TV programmes, use them as alarm clocks, watches, play music on them, take photos and short films, text, go online, use GPS functions, a range of apps, and a whole lot more. New HD TVs, Playstations, X-Boxes, iPads, Notebooks, MacBooks, etc. are also examples of hubs which in which a variety of media technologies can converge for convenience for users. Media convergence is having an enormous impact on the film industry because of the ways in which institutions can produce and market for audiences/users on a widening range of platforms, capable of receiving their films.
Synergies can come out of an organisation's size; smaller media organisations such as Channel4 can-cross promote their films, etc. but the scale of cross-media promotion is nowhere near as great as that which can be gained by massive media organisations. Film4 is therefore unable to promote their lower budget films on a level playing field.

• the technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange

The audience's ability to interact with films by, for instance, using digital technology to put extracts on You Tube and overlay new sound tracks on them, etc. and make answering videos has been greatly enhanced by Web 2.0; Film studios can make films using CGI, greenscreen and other special effects that were impossible to make only a few years ago. The ways of filming and editing films have changed, too, with the introduction of digital film and film cameras, editing software, laptops, digital projectors, etc. Distributors market films using the latest software for designing high-concept film posters and trailers. They can use phone apps., online marketing, Twitter, etc. File-sharing and piracy are growing issues because the software exists to take the protective encryption of DVDs, etc and WEB 2.0 enables people to make and share copies of films easily. One way in which film companies are trying to get around this is by releasing films soon after theatrical release by selling them on video-on-demand, premium TV channels and downloads. US and UK cinemas chains are not happy about this, especially after all the investment some have made on digital equipment, projectors, etc. which unfortunately quickly goes very quickly out of date!

• the significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences

This means the increase of something: i.e. digital cameras, software, CGI, 3D films, film genres, etc. which are part of current trends; how significant is this for See Saw Films or Film4? Or are they still able to be successful without it by making films with genres that do not need the latest breakthroughs in digital technology? Research the film company's use of cameras, special effects, software, posters, digital distribution of films, etc.

• the importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences

This is a WEB 2.0 issue and how technology is coming together in hubs like laptops is one of the features of our age; the mobile phone in your pocket is a great example of technological convergence: it can do so much more than a simple phone call; think how this is affecting film making at the production, marketing and exhibition stages? The Internet is acting as a hub for many aspects of film: you will find film posters, YouTube videos on films, interviews, trailers, official film and blog websites, etc. on it.  Audiences can also remake their own films by creating extracts and running new scores over them and then posting them on YouTube. This often leads to answering videos, never mind the comments, etc. that people make  on such sites. The internet, film and videos games seems to be converging in so many ways. People can watch films in a range of ways, using an astonishing range of hardware and software. They can also find audiences of their own. This amounts to free publicity for film institutions for their films and "A Long Tail" sales into the future through endless exchange.

• the issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions

"Slumdog Millionaire" was originally aimed at Asian audiences living in various parts of the UK and also at Danny Boyle fans. The film's unexpected success at film festivals and being nominated for the Oscars led to another theatrical release and a crossover from the "indy" art-house into the mainstream. British film makers often make social realism films and aim them at local and regional audiences whereas this would never be enough for the major media players who tend to make high budget, high concept films. They have boutique offshoots who make and often distribute lower budget films, aimed at more high brow audiences. Disney's Mirimax and Fox's Fox Searchlight are examples of such boutique, art-house film distribution.

• the ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour
How you consume films whether it is as a social activity after visiting a shopping centre or on an MP4 player or Playstation, is what is at issue here. Visit Pearl and Dean to see how multiplex cinemas are adapting the experience of cinema-going to gain audiences. In an age of falling DVD sales, home cinema and an increase in downloading for both music and film audiences are changing in how they want to consume film. Identify trends and consider where the audience trends are going in the near future.

This unit should be approached through contemporary (up-to-date) examples in the form of case studies based upon one of the specified media areas. 

my personal representation

I would say that the representation of myself is very similar to many other girls in my year, I'm fairly stereotypical when it comes to clothing, style and personality, because of this I think it wold be fairly obvious to a person looking at me to be able to guess my age. My favourite shops are Topshop and Zara so my style would probably be best described as casual smart, I usually wear jeans and a lacey top.

My interests are art and textiles, so I could be seen as fairly boring but its purely an interest I take in my spare time.
I am not an 'out there' person, I keep myself to myself but I definitely wouldn't class myself as being shy. From looking at the way I dress and my language I think I would probably look middle class, I often wear clothes that are vintage or handmade which again gives off my artsy side.


I could be represented as someone who likes to stay indoors, I dont wear sporty looking clothing or actively participate in any kind of outdoor sports however I love being outside on picnics walks or whatever else.

7 areas of representation

·                     Gender

·                     Age

·                     Ethnicity

·                     Sexuality

·                     Class and status

·                     Physical ability/disability

·                     Regional identity

4 areas of textual analysis

Camera shots, angle, movement, composition

·                     Shots: establishing shot, master shot, close-up, mid-shot, long shot, wide show, two-shot, aerial shot, point of view shot, over the should shot, and variations of these.

·                     Angle: high angle, low angle, canted angle.

·                     Movement: pan, tilt, track, dolly, crane, steadicam, hand-held, zoom, reverse zoom.

·                     Composition: framing, rule of thirds, depth of field - deep and shallow focus, focus pulls.

Editing
Includes transition of image and sound - continuity and non-continuity systems.

·                     Cutting: shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, action match, jump cut, crosscutting, parallel editing, cutaway; insert.

·                     Other transitions: dissolve, fade-in, fade-out, wipe, superimposition, long take, short take, slow motion, ellipsis and expansion of time, post-production, visual effects.

Sound

·                     Soundtrack: score, incidental music, themes and stings, ambient sound.

·                     Diegetic and non-diegetic sound, synchronous/asynchronous sound, sound effects, sound motif, sound bridge, dialogue, voiceover, mode of address/direct address, sound mixing, sound perspective.

Mise-en-Scène

·                     Production design: location, studio, set design, costume and makeup, properties.

·                     Lighting: colour design.

media - film key words

•writer- Screenwriters create screenplays for films. They provide the blueprint for the creative input of the Producer, Director, Production Designer, Composer and Editor, cast and crew.

•producer- Producers have overall control on every aspect of a film's production. They bring together and approve the whole production team. Their key responsibility is to create an environment where the talents of the cast and crew can flourish. Producers are accountable for the success of the finished film. They steer the film from beginning to completion and beyond.

•casting director-In pre-production, Casting Directors work with both the Director and Producer to assemble the perfect cast for the film. As a result, Casting Directors must have in-depth and up-to-date knowledge of new and existing acting talent.They are responsible for matching the ideal actor to each role, based on a number of factors, such as the actor's experience, ability, reputation, availability and box office appeal. Casting Directors also work closely with Production Accountants to prepare the casting budget.

•director-Directors are responsible for creatively translating the film's written script into actual images and sounds on the screen. They are ultimately responsible for a film's artistic and commercial success or failure.At all stages, Directors are responsible for motivating the team to produce the best possible results. Directors must also always be aware of the constraints of the film's budget and schedule and manage the expectations of the film's financiers.

•film finance-Film finance is a subset of project finance, meaning the film project's generated cash flows rather than external sources are used to repay investors. The main factors determining the commercial success of a film include public taste, artistic merit, competition from other films released at the same time, the quality of the script, the quality of the cast, the quality of the director and other parties, etc. Even if a film looks like it will be a commercial success "on paper", there is still no accurate method of determining the levels of revenue the film will generate. In the past, risk mitigation was based on pre-sales, box office projections and ownership of negative rights. Along with strong ancillary markets in DVD, CATV, and other electronic media (like streaming video on demand -SVOD), investors were shown that picture subsidies (tax incentives and credits), and pre-sales (discountable-contract finance) from foreign distributors, could help to mitigate potential losses. As production costs have risen, however, potential financiers have become increasingly insistent upon higher degrees of certainty as to whether they will actually have their investment repaid, and assurances regarding what return they will earn.

•camera operator-Camera Operators carry out the Director of Photography’s (DoP) and Director’s instructions for shot composition and development. They are usually the first people to use the camera's eyepiece to assess how all the elements of performance, art direction, lighting, composition and camera movement come together to create the cinematic experience.

•editor-Editors are one of the key Heads of Department on feature films, responsible for First Assistant Editors, and on bigger productions, Second Assistants and Trainees.The Editor works closely with the Director, crafting the daily rushes into a coherent whole. To ensure that the story flows effortlessly from beginning to end, each shot is carefully chosen and edited into a series of scenes, which are in turn assembled to create the finished film.

•production designer-Production Designers are major heads of department on film crews, and are responsible for the entire art department. They help Directors to define and achieve the look and feel of a film. Filming locations may range from a Victorian parlour, to a late-night café, to the interior of an alien space ship. The look of a set or location is vital in drawing the audience into the story and making a film convincing. A great deal of work and imagination goes into constructing the backdrop to any story and choosing or building locations and/or sets.

•marketing-Film promotion is the practice of promotion specifically in the film industry, and usually occurs in coordination with the process of film distribution. Sometimes called the press junket or film junket, film promotion generally includes press releases, advertising campaigns, merchandising and media, and interviews with the key people involved with the making of the film, like actors and directors.As with all business it is an important part of any release because of the inherent high financial risk; film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. Marketing budgets tend to equal about half the production budget. Publicity is generally handled by the distributor and exhibitors.

•exhibition-The distribution of a film is the process through which a movie is made available to watch for an audience by a film distributor.

5X5

5X5

Films

1. 22jumpstreet this is a fairly new film, its an action comedy starring Channing Tatum and Jonah hill, I really enjoyed the story to the film, and the fact that as a sequel it was fairly disregarded but actually was a lot better than the first film)
2. 

   Whitehouse down (this is an action film that was released a few years ago, it also stars Channing Tatum and Jamie fox but is a very realistic movie, the special effects are amazing and the storyline is very different to anything else that has ever been released)
3. The great Gatsby (this film is a romance starring Leonardo dicaprio, it was rated very highly by critics because of its originality and deep storyline)
4. Dear john ( this is also a romance, but much more emotional. It stars Amanda seyfried and Channing Tatum and is the story of a man sent into war and finds out he has lost the love of his life)
5. Mean girls ( this is a classic comedy chick flick from years ago but it will always remain one of my favorites, it stars Amanda seyfried, Lindsey lohan and Rachel mcadams )

Comedians

1. John bishop
2. Michael McIntyre
3. Keith lemon
4. Robin Williams
5. Rob brydon

TV programs

1. The great British sewing bee
2. The great British bakeoff
3. The real housewives of Atlanta
4. Say yes to the dress
5. Long lost family

Songs

1. Somewhere over the rainbow cover (singer IZ)
2. Bad girls (MIA)
3. Turn down for what (DJ snake &lil john)
4. Toothpaste kisses )the Maccabees)
5. Flawless (Beyoncé Knowles/carter)

Social media

1. Instagram
2. Twitter
3. Snapchat
4. Facebook
5. pinterest